Distinguished jade enthusiasts and esteemed colleagues, I am Zhao Yaqin. Having dedicated over three decades to the jade industry, I am deeply moved by the allure of ancient jade, not merely for its warm, understated material, but more profoundly for the rich history and cultural codes it embodies. In recent years, with the continuous emergence of new archaeological discoveries and the deepening of interdisciplinary research, our understanding of ancient jade is undergoing a profound transformation, gradually shifting from traditional "object veneration" to a deep exploration of "cultural deciphering." Today, I wish to share with you some of my thoughts and practices regarding the latest perspectives in ancient jade cultural research.

In the past, when we discussed ancient jade, we often focused on superficial characteristics such as its age, material, craftsmanship, and decorative patterns, viewing it as an exquisite artwork or a precious artifact. While this perspective of "object veneration" is undoubtedly important, it has, to some extent, limited our ability to unearth the intrinsic value of ancient jade. Today, I am more inclined to regard ancient jade as a unique "cultural carrier" and "historical text." By meticulously interpreting its form, decorative patterns, coloration (qin se), excavation context, and even traces of use, we can explore the ancient people's understanding and expression of the cosmos, life, society, and beliefs across different historical periods.

For instance, the Hongshan Culture jade pig-dragon has long been considered a totem symbolizing the ancient people's worship of pigs. However, recent research suggests that its unique C-shaped form does not perfectly align with the image of a pig. Instead, it bears a striking resemblance to a fetus in the womb. Considering the primitive understanding of life's origins and the widespread fertility worship during the Hongshan Culture period, I am inclined to believe that the jade pig-dragon might not be merely a "pig totem," but rather a concrete manifestation of primitive maternal worship, symbolizing the genesis of life and endless procreation. This interpretation transcends simple object attributes, touching upon the profound spiritual world of ancient people.

Another example can be found in the jade artifacts of the Shang and Zhou dynasties, whose intricate and mysterious decorative patterns were traditionally thought to represent mythical beasts or sacrificial symbols. However, through systematic comparison and semiotic analysis of numerous excavated jade patterns, we have discovered that they contain a relatively mature "pictorial narrative system." For instance, the dragon, phoenix, and taotie patterns on many jade artifacts are not merely decorative; through specific combinations, transformations, and arrangements, they tell stories about creation myths, ancestor worship, and symbols of power. They were the "visual language" used by ancient people to communicate with heaven and earth, unify clans, and maintain social order. In my research, I have found that certain seemingly unrelated patterns, when combined in a specific way, can form a "grammar" that conveys more complex meanings. This requires us to break free from the constraints of individual patterns and understand them holistically and relationally.

Furthermore, the study of ancient jade's "qin se" (coloration due to burial environment) is also moving beyond the traditional scope of "skin color" authentication, integrating "environmental archaeology" with "micro-analysis." Previously, we focused more on the aesthetic appeal and authenticity of qin se. Now, by analyzing trace elements within the qin se, we can deduce the specific conditions of the jade's burial environment underground, such as soil pH, humidity, and metal content. We can even infer the exact position of the jade within a tomb, providing valuable clues for reconstructing burial scenes and understanding funerary customs. This transforms qin se from merely the "outer garment" of jade into a "living fossil" that records its "life journey."

Of course, this deep exploration of "cultural deciphering" is not easy. It requires us to possess solid interdisciplinary knowledge in archaeology, history, ethnology, and art history, and more importantly, to maintain an open mind and a rigorous approach to verification. In practice, I deeply feel that the following points are crucial:

  • Interdisciplinary Research: Avoid the limitations of a single discipline and actively draw upon theories and methods from fields such as archaeology, anthropology, mythology, semiotics, and even psychology.


  • Emphasis on Excavation Context Information: The excavation context of every piece of ancient jade is its "cultural identity card." Detailed archaeological reports and on-site records are key to interpreting the cultural connotations of ancient jade.


  • Comparative Research and Typological Analysis: Systematically comparing ancient jade from the same period and region, or different periods and regions, helps to identify commonalities and individual characteristics, revealing patterns of cultural evolution.


  • Attention to Intangible Cultural Heritage: Combining ancient jade research with existing ethnic folk beliefs, customs, and legends often provides new perspectives and inspiration for the cultural interpretation of ancient jade.


In summary, ancient jade research is progressing from mere "appreciation" and "collection" to deeper levels of "cultural interpretation" and "historical reconstruction." We are no longer content with simply knowing what a jade artifact is; we are eager to understand why it is the way it is, what role it played in the lives of ancient people, and what thoughts it embodied. This is not only a rediscovery of the value of ancient jade but also a profound recognition of the long-standing and profound nature of Chinese civilization.

Looking ahead, I firmly believe that with advancements in technology and innovation in research methods, our understanding of ancient jade will continue to deepen, and the cultural treasures hidden within ancient jade will be revealed layer by layer. As practitioners and researchers in the jade industry, we have the responsibility and obligation to explore, inherit, and promote this national treasure of the Chinese nation with a more rigorous attitude and a broader vision. Let us work together to make ancient jade shine even brighter in the new era and tell more wonderful Chinese stories to the world.